{"id":33515,"date":"2025-05-08T21:52:06","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T17:22:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rukhshana.com\/?p=33515"},"modified":"2025-05-08T22:06:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T17:36:17","slug":"in-afghanistans-religious-schools-girls-must-adhere-to-strict-appearance-codes-or-face-punishment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rukhshana.com\/en\/in-afghanistans-religious-schools-girls-must-adhere-to-strict-appearance-codes-or-face-punishment\/","title":{"rendered":"In Afghanistan\u2019s religious schools, girls must adhere to strict appearance codes\u2014or face punishment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By Muzhdan Mohammadi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, religious schools, the only option left for girls after the shutdown of formal education, have become spaces of intense scrutiny and control, particularly over how young women dress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One student, who spoke to Rukhshana Media on the condition of anonymity, described the daily inspections carried out by school supervisors at the gates of her madrasa in Herat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe must enter the school wearing a prayer chador, a black uniform, a headband, and a mask,\u201d she said. \u201cIf even a trace of makeup is seen on a girl’s face, she is forced to wash it off with soap. Nail polish is removed immediately. Even our hair must be braided, and if any clips or decorative items are found, they are confiscated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Violations of these rigid rules come with consequences: monetary fines for first-time offenses, and potential expulsion for repeat infractions. According to students, fines typically range from 20 to 50 Afghanis ($0.20\u2013$0.70), an amount many find financially prohibitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mozhgan*, a 20-year-old madrasa student in Herat, said that school officials frequently lecture girls about the dangers of looking well-groomed, claiming it can \u201cmultiply their sins.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey tell us we must not wear makeup. \u2026 If you leave the house with a made-up face, the sin is counted as double; you are considered a sinner,\u201d she said, recounting when she was barred from entering her classroom for an hour because she had worn nail polish.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mozhgan, who also sells cosmetics online, sees it differently. \u201cMakeup gives me a sense of confidence and power. I\u2019ve heard these same lectures over and over, but in my view, it\u2019s a personal decision.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n


At the entrance of another religious school, on Gozargah Street in Herat city, a mannequin clothed entirely in black stands at the entrance as a kind of examples of what students should be wearing. For the dozens of girls who come and go to study the Quran here, the message is clear: students must adhere to the Taliban\u2019s strict version of mandatory hijab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maryam*, 23, who isis a mathematics and physics graduate from Herat who has been attending a religious center for two years, told Rukhshana Media that while has no real interest in religious studies, the routine schooling at least gives her a chance to step outside the confines of her home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI studied for sixteen years [before the Taliban took over Afghanistan], but every day I was haunted by the thought that under the Taliban, all my efforts over the years had gone to waste,\u201d Maryam said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI had become isolated. Now, I come to this school to ease that pain\u2014to find a bit of peace during even just an hour of lessons.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to officials from religious schools in Herat, Kabul, and Balkh, the number of girls attending these religious schools has significantly increased since the Taliban returning to power in 2021. At Naumaniya madrasa in Herat, \u201cThe madrasa\u2019s activities have grown in the past four years, and we now teach girls above the sixth grade. Our curriculum has been somewhat influenced by the Islamic Emirate,\u201d the school\u2019s deputy head told Rukhshana Media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least 120 girls are currently studying at Naumaniya madrasa, where the curriculum blends the educational programs of the previous Afghan government with the Taliban\u2019s renewed curriculum, which include courses in Quran recitation and pronunciation (Tajweed), Islamic inheritance law, Arabic grammar (Sarf), and syntax (Nahw). Female students at the Ghyasiyia madrasa in Herat confirmed with Rukhshana Media that the primary language of the textbooks is Arabic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen they [the Taliban] closed the schools, I stayed home for a year, hoping that maybe tomorrow, or the day after, schools would reopen,\u201d said Asma*, 21, a student at the Ghyasia madrasa. \u201cBut now that there\u2019s no hope left, I\u2019ve come here just to at least finish what would have been my school years,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A student at Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq madrasa in Balkh told Rukhshana Media, on condition of anonymity, that the previous Afghan government included subjects such as science, mathematics, English, Persian and Pashto literature, and psychology in the curriculum. However, the Taliban have removed these subjects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Houria Mosaddeq, who is the executive director of Conflict Analysis Network, said that with secondary schools and universities closed to girls and women, the Taliban\u2019s ultimate goal is to indoctrinate them with extremist and fundamentalist ideologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn these [religious] schools, students are given extremist and even military training, which is extremely dangerous because religion is being used as a tool to oppress others and silence different ways of thinking,\u201d Mosaddeq said, adding that the Taliban\u2019s main focus is to indoctrinate boys, whom they seek to recruit as future fighters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As in the Taliban\u2019s earlier rule in the 1990s and early 2000s, religious schools have once again become fertile ground for recruitment. Observers are deeply concerned that the Taliban are using religious schools to promote their hardline interpretation of Islam\u2014this time under far fewer constraints and with far more young minds in their grip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn many of these schools, we\u2019re not just dealing with a religious-extremist group, but one that embraces militarization and armed training. This is a serious warning sign for Afghanistan\u2019s future,\u201d Mosaddeq said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*This story published In partnership with\u00a0<\/a>More Her Story<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Names have been changed to protect identities<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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